Not many people think about the math equations behind the latest video game, nor do they realize that mathematicians help to make cars and planes safer. Math exists in many ways outside the classroom —in fact, it affects practically every area of our daily lives.

Mathematicians and statisticians research theories for solving problems and develop mathematical or statistical techniques. Actuaries apply mathematics, statistics, probability and risk theory to assess potential financial impacts of future events.

Mathematicians are divided into two categories—theoretical and applied. Theoretical (pure) mathematicians develop new principles. Applied mathematicians use math principles, theories, and techniques to solve practical problems. Statisticians analyze and interpret all kinds of numbers to understand them, using their knowledge to determine who is going to win an election, or which drugs are more effective in fighting certain diseases.

Workplace: Mathematicians, statisticians, and actuaries work in many areas: universities, governments, banks, insurance companies, consulting firms, and professional associations.

Useful high school subjects: Algebra & Geometry, Calculus, Biology or Chemistry, Physics, Economics, Social Studies, Business & Management, Computers

Post-secondary education: Mathematicians and statisticians usually require a master’s degree in mathematics or statistics. Actuaries usually require post-secondary education in actuarial science, mathematics, statistics, economics, commerce or business administration. Actuaries become part of the Canadian Institute of Actuaries after passing a professional exam and working for three years in the actuarial field.

Salary: Your income will depend on the kind of work you do. Math and Stats professors can earn anywhere from about $40,000 to $100,000 a year, while Mathematicians who work in the financial sector may have the potential to earn more. Actuaries typically start off earning about $35,000 to $55,000 a year, and those who progress to the management level can make well over $100,000 a year.